“A paper by the Richmond Fed said the ECB is hamstrung by institutional problems and acts on the mistaken premise that excess debt is the cause of the eurozone crisis when the real cause is the collapse of growth. ‘The ECB lacks a coherent strategy for creating the monetary base required to sustain the money creation necessary for a growing economy,’ said the paper, written in July by Robert Hetzel, the bank’s senior economist. It called for direct action to buy ‘bundles’ of small business loans, as well as ‘packages of government debt’ across EMU states, including German Bunds.”